Valget 2022 i Israel
En oversigt over de mange politiske partier og lister i Israel, der deltog i valget (forsamling nr. 25) til Knesset (det israelske parlament) d. 1. november 2022, valglinks og valgresultatet.
Valget 2022
Det næste parlamentsvalg skulle ellers først have været afholdt senest i marts 2025, da der skal være valg hver fjerde år, men ofte bliver der udskrevet valg i utide. Premierministeren eller et flertal i Knesset kan udskrive valg inden for en valgperiode, hvilket er sket en del gange siden maj 1948.
En bred samlingsregering blev dannet i juni 2021 (valget 2021) efter længere tids politisk usikkerhed og dødvande. Den var historisk, da det var første gang at et arabisk parti støttede en regering i Israel. Desuden bestod regeringen af partier fra både venstre, midten og højre. Den viste sig at være mere stabil end forventet men fra april 2022 var den reelt handlingslammet, da den havde mistet flertallet.
Efter flere måneder med politisk kaos og da det ikke var muligt at danne en ny flertalsregering, vedtog Knesset d. 30/6-2022 at opløse Knesset (forsamling nr. 24) og udskrive valg. Dette blev vedtaget med 92 stemmer for og ingen imod. Valgdatoen for valget til Knesset forsamling nr. 25 blev d. 1. november 2022. Det bliver det femte valg i løbet af tre år i Israel.
Samlingsregeringen (regeringskoalitionen) fortsætter ind til valget i november og til der er dannet en ny regering som et forretningsministerium med Yair Lapid som fungerende premierminister og Naftali Bennett som fungerende udenrigsminister (og stedfortræder for premierministeren) ifølge aftalegrundlaget for samlingsregeringen. Naftali Bennett har meddelt at han ikke stiller op til det næste valg.
Opstillede partier og alliancer
Som sædvanligt er der en del nye partier, der stiller op til valget. Flere partier indgår i valgalliancer og valgforbund for at undgå stemmespild. Spærregrænsen er på 3,25%, hvilket gør det sværere eller umuligt for de små partier og lister at komme ind i Knesset med mindre de går sammen med andre. Læs mere om de forskellige partier på Wikipedia (se Valglinks).
Tabellen herunder giver en oversigt over de ca. 40 partier og alliancer, som stillede op til valget, samt valgresultatet. Antallet af partier er cirka det samme som ved det seneste valg i 2021.
| Parti/listenavn (2022) | Beskrivelse | Procent | Mandater | Hjemmesider |
| Likud (National Liberal Movement) | National Liberal Movement/Party - National liberalism, zionism, economic liberalism, secular center-right wing party. | 23.41% | 32 | Likud (heb) Likud (eng) |
| Yesh Atid (There is a Future) | Liberalism and centrism. Focus primarily on civic, social and governance issues. Secular middle class. Center party. | 17.79% | 24 | Yesh Atid (heb) Yesh Atid (eng) |
| HaZionut HaDatit (Religious Zionism alliance) | Political alliance of right-wing religious parties. 1. Religious Zionist Party (HaTzionut HaDatit, National Union-Tkuma, HaIchud HaLeumi-Tkuma) - Modern Orthodox Jewish, religious Zionist, right-wing political party. 2. Otzma Yehudit (Jewish Power/Jewish Strength/Otzma LeYisrael) - Religious Zionism, anti-Arabism, far-right party. 3. Noam (Pleasantness) - Hardal (Haredi), right-wing orthodox political party. Religious conservatism. Against LGBT rights. |
10.84% | 14 | Religious Zionist Party (heb) Otzma Yehudit (heb) Noam Party (heb) Noam Party (heb) |
| National Unity Party/ State Camp (HaMahane HaMamlakhti) | Political alliance. 1. Kahol Lavan (Blue and White). Israel Resilience Party (L'Yisrael - Hosen L'Yisrael) - Zionism, Social liberalism, Centre-left/centre, "right when it comes to security issues, left when it comes to socio-economic issues, and liberal in economic goals". 2. Tikva Hadasha (New Hope). National and economic liberalism. Zionism. Center-right party. 3. Gadi Eizenkot and Matan Kahana. |
9.08% | 12 | Blue and White (heb) New Hope (heb) New Hope (eng) |
| Shas (Shomrei Torah Sephardim) | Sephardi Torah Guardians - ultra-orthodox religious Sephardic-Haredi political party. Haredi Judaism. Mizrahi. | 8.25% | 11 | Shas (heb) |
| Agudat Yisrael - Degel Hatorah (United Torah Judaism - UTJ) | United Torah Judaism is a coalition of two Ashkenazi Haredi ultra-Orthodox parties. Haredi Judaism. Non-Zionist. 1. Agudath Israel (The Israelite Union) - a sectoral ultra-Orthodox-Hassidic party. 2. Degel HaTorah (The Banner of the Torah) - a Litvak Haredi party, Lithuanian. Non-Hasidic Haredim. |
5.88% | 7 | . |
| Yisrael Beiteinu/Yisrael Beytenu (Israel Our Home) | Secularist, nationalist political party. Economic liberalism and revisionist zionism. Anti ultra-Orthodox. Originally secular, Russian-speaking Israelis. Centre-right/right-wing. | 4.48% | 6 | Yisrael Beiteinu (heb) |
| Ra'am - United Arab List (UAL) | Ra'am - United Arab List (Party). Southern Branch of the Islamic movement. Arab National Party. Sunni Islamism, Anti-Zionism, Religious and nationalist Israeli Arabs. Negev Bedouin. | 4.07% | 5 | . |
| Hadash-Ta'al |
Political alliance of Arab-majority political parties in Israel. 1. Hadash - The Democratic Front for Peace and Equality. Political coalition in Israel formed by the Israeli Communist Party (Maki) and other leftist groups. Radical left wing socialist movement, socialistic economy. Communism, Marxism-Leninism. Jewish-Arab. 2. Ta'al - Arab Movement for Renewal. Israeli Arab political party. Arab nationalism, Secularism and Anti-Zionism. Centre-left. |
3.75% | 5 | Hadash (heb) Hadash (eng) The Communist Party of Israel (CPI) (eng) Ta'al (ara) |
| Labor (Ha'Avoda) - Israeli Labor Party | Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisraelit. Social-democratic and labour Zionist political party. Centre-left. | 3.69% | 4 | Labor Party (heb) |
| Meretz (HaSmol Shel Yisrael) | Left-wing, social-democratic and green political party. Secular party emphasising a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, social justice, human rights (especially for religious, ethnic and sexual minorities), religious freedom and environmentalism. | 3.16% | 0 | Meretz (heb) |
| Balad - The National Democratic Assembly (NDA) | Israeli Arab political party. Democratic progressive national party for the Palestinian citizens of Israel, arab nationalism, anti-zionism, left-wing. | 2.91% | 0 | Balad (ara) Balad (eng) |
| Bayit Yehudi (A Jewish Home) | Political alliance. 1. HaYamin HaHadash (New Yamin - The New Right party) - Open to both religious and secular people. Economic liberalism and belief in personal freedom. Religious and secular Zionism. Right-wing party. 2. HaBayit HaYehudi (The Jewish Home) - Orthodox Jewish and religious Zionist political right-wing party. |
1.19% | 0 | The New Right (heb) The Jewish Home (heb) |
| Hofesh Calcali (Economic Freedom Party) | Economic liberalization. Expanding personal and economic freedom. Combat the high cost of living. Centre-right. New party. | 0.33% | 0 | Economic Freedom Party (heb) |
| B'ometz Bishvilcha (With Courage For You) | Anti-vax party. New party. | 0.31% | 0 | . |
| HaMiflagah HaCalkalit Hadasha (The New Economic Party, NEP) | Socio-economic political party. Reform the education system. Anti-corruption. Centre-left. | 0.29% | 0 | New Economic Party (heb) |
| Tzeirim Boarim (Youths on Fire/Flaming Young/Burning Youth Party) | Fight back against the rising cost of living. Young people from across Israel’s religious and political spectrum. New party. | 0.18% | 0 | Tzeirim Boarim (heb) |
| HaPiratim (L'Democratia) (Pirate Party of Israel) | The Pirate Party is connected to the global network of Pirate Parties that fight for Internet freedoms. Pirate Party movement. | 0.04% | 0 | Piratim (heb) |
| Kol haSeviva v'haHai | Voice of the Environment and the Wildlife. An environmentalist party. New party. | 0.03% | 0 | . |
| Da'at Tov va'Ra u’Brit Shevet Avraham – Aleh Yarok and Usrat al Islamia (Knowledge of Good and Evil + Covenant of the Tribe of Abraham: Green Leaf and Osrat Al-Islamia) | 1. Ale Yarok (Green Leaf). Legalization of the cannabis plant, marijuana and hashish, expansion of human rights, free market and institutionalization of prostitution and gambling. Left-wing stance on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. 2. Osrat Al-Islamia (Islamic Family). Arab party. |
0.04% | 0 | Ale Yarok (heb) |
| Netiv/Nativ - Nihye Tamid Yahad B’kavod (We will live together always with honor) | Improve the lives of people with disabilities. New party. | 0.03% | 0 | . |
| Kol Kol Koveia, Noam Kolman and Liron Ofri | 'Every Vote Counts', a single-issue party on autism treatments. | 0.03% | 0 | . |
| Yesh Kivun (There is a direction) | Headed by Amos Dov Silver, cannabis activist. New party. | 0.03% | 0 | . |
| Israel Hofsheet/Yisrael Hofshit Democratit (Free Democratic Israel) | A libertarian political party. Libertarianism, anti-corruption, governance reform, anti-Netanyahu. New party. | 0.02% | 0 | . |
| Seder Hadash/Seder Chadash – Lema’an haEzrahim haVatikim B’Yisrael (A New Order) | Party seeking to change/reform Israel's electoral system to direct election of Knesset members instead of the current party system. A pensioners' party. | 0.02% | 0 | |
| HaAzmaim haHadashim (Powerful strength/Strong power - The New Independents) | New party. | 0.02% | 0 | . |
| Manhigut Hevratit (Social Leadership) | Manhigut Hevratit is a party that is focused on personal economic struggles in Israel and want a broad electoral coalition in the Knesset. | 0.02% | 0 | |
| Reshimat Shloshim Arba'im (30-40 List) | Headed by Stella Weinstein. New party. | 0.02% | 0 | Reshimat Shloshim Arba'im (heb) |
| Ani VeAta/Ani V'Ata - Mifleget HaAm HaYisre'eilit (Me and You) | The Israeli People's Party. A Social-Liberal political party. Social-liberalism. Ani VeAta is a party focused on social issues and stand against the 'growing extremism in the right'. | 0.02% | 0 | Ani VeAta (eng) |
| Shahar Koah Hevrati (Dawn: Social Power) | New party. | 0.01% | 0 | . |
| HaLev HaYehudi (The Jewish Heart) | Headed by Elie Joseph/Eli Yosef. Party want the State of Israel to express our people's values in its national policies. | 0.01% | 0 | HaLev HaYehudi (heb) |
| (Ha)Gush HaTanachi (Bible Bloc Party) | Jewish-Christian (Evangelistic) party. Headed by Dennis Lipkin. | 0.01% | 0 | . |
| Kavod/Kevod/Kvod HaAdam (Human Dignity/ Respect for People) | The party promotes the idea of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state which should live in in security. Free economy, reduce social and economic gaps in Israeli society. | 0.01% | 0 | |
| Anahnu (US) | Anahnu movement - a new Israeli consensus. Together for a New Social Order. Establishment of a new 'Jewish federal-democratic' constitution. Anahnu movement is unifying. | 0.01% | 0 | Anahnu (eng) |
| Tzomet (2019)(Junction) | Tzomet is a secular right wing party. Economic liberalism, Agrarianism/Agricultural. | 0.01% | 0 | |
| Tzav haSha'a (The Needs of the Hour) | Represents taxi drivers. New party. | 0.01% | 0 | . |
| Shema/Shma (Listen) | The Shema party. The return to a moral, kind and united land - It is time to do some good. Headed by Naftali Goldman. | 0.01% | 0 | Shema/Shma (eng) |
| Ihud Bnei HaBrit (United Allies/Common Alliance) | Unity of the Children of the Covenant. Christian Liberal Movement. Equality between majority and minorities. Representing the interests of Arabic-speaking Christians in Israel. Some Jewish and Muslim support. Centre-right. | 0.00% | 0 | |
| Kama/KaMaH - Kidum Maamad HaPrat (KM"H Party) | Promoting the Rights of the Individual. | 0.00% | 0 | KaMaH (heb) |
| Koah Lehashpi'a (The Power to Influence) | Advocated greater rights for disabled citizens. | 0.00% | 0 |
Et parti meddelte at det ikke opstillede til valget:
- Derekh Eretz (The Way of the Land)
Hovedtendenser ved valget
Yesh Atid og Religious Zionist Party gik meget frem mens Likud, Shas og Ra'am havde en mindre fremgang. United Torah Judaism og Hadash–Ta'al bevarede deres mandater mens Yisrael Beiteinu og National Unity gik lidt tilbage. Labor blev næsten halveret mens Meretz, Balad og New Yamin (The New Right) ikke længere er repræsenteret i Knesset.
Centrum og højrepartier gik frem, de traditionelle religiøse (ortodokse) partier gik lidt frem, de arabiske partier (samlet) bevarede deres mandater mens venstrefløjen gik meget tilbage.
Det ser ikke ud til at der denne gang er nye partier i Knesset men til gengæld er tre partier ikke længere repræsenteret (Meretz, Balad og New Yamin (The New Right)). I alt 15 partier er repræsenteret i Knesset.
En oversigt over de nyvalgte medlemmer af Knesset nr. 25 (i alt 120) kan ses på Knessets hjemmeside.
Valgprocent: 70,63%; den højeste siden valget i 1999. Ca. 8,78% af stemmerne tilgik partier og lister, der ikke klarede spærregrænsen, hvilket er et rekordhøjt tal. Det skyldes i høj grad at Meretz, Balad og New Yamin (The New Right) ikke klarede spærregrænsen - de fik 7,25% af stemmerne i alt. Ca. 6,8 mill. israelske statsborgere har stemmeret.
Regering nr. 37
Den kommende regering efter valget bliver nr. 37.
Den israelske præsident Isaac Herzog mødtes d. 9. november, efter at det endelige valgresultat var godkendt, med partilederne for at udpege en forhandlingsleder, der skal forsøge at danne en flertalsregering. Der kræves 61 mandater til en flertalsregering.
Benjamin Netanyahu (Likud) er begyndt at forhandle med mulige støttepartier om at kunne danne en flertalsregering.
D. 13. november blev Benjamin Netanyahu udpeget som forhandlingsleder af den israelske præsident, da et flertal pegede på ham. Han skal nu forsøge at danne regering nr. 37 inden tidsfristen udløber.
D. 15. november mødtes de nyvalgte medlemmer af Knesset for første gang.
Benjamin Netanyahu forhandler med mulige støttepartier. Da han ikke havde en flertalsregering klar inden tidsfristen udløb måtte han anmode den israelske præsident Isaac Herzog om en udsættelse på 14 dage. Han fik 10 dage mere og den nye deadline blev d. 21. december.
Efter mere end 7 ugers forhandlinger meddelte Benjamin Netanyahu få timer før tidsfristens udløb at han har sikret en aftale om en flertalsregering med 64 mandater og dermed et flertal. Den nye regering tiltrådte officielt d. 29. december 2022.
Den nye samlingsregering (regeringskoalition) består af 6 partier med samlet 64 mandater: Likud, United Torah Judaism, Shas, Religious Zionist Party, Otzma Yehudit og Noam. Premierministeren er Benjamin Netanyahu.
Listen med de nye ministrer kan ses her på Knessets hjemmeside.
Valglinks 2022:
2022 Israeli legislative election - From Wikipedia
Central Elections Committee
Arutz Sheva 7 Israel National News - 2022 Elections
HaAretz - Israel election 2022
Jerusalem Post - Israel Elections
Times of Israel - 2022 Israeli elections
List of political parties in Israel (Wikipedia)
Ændringer efter valget
De to partier Otzma Yehudit og Noam med hhv. 6 og 1 mandater har forladt valgalliancen HaZionut HaDatit (Religious Zionism alliance) d. 20. november 2022 (som forventet) og den eksisterer ikke længere. Det tredje parti Religious Zionist Party med 7 mandater fortsætter under deres eget navn.
Som en følge af Hamas terrorangrebet d. 7. oktober 2023 indtrådte National Unity Party i den nuværende samlingsregering d. 12. oktober 2023.
Partiet New Hope (4 medlemmer af Knesset) har marts 2024 forladt alliancen med National Unity party.
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