Valget september 2019 i Israel
En oversigt over de mange politiske partier og lister i Israel, der deltog i valget (nr. 22) til Knesset (det israelske parlament) d. 17. september 2019, valglinks og valgresultatet.
Valget september 2019
Det næste parlamentsvalg skulle ellers først have været afholdt senest i april 2023, da der skal være valg hver fjerde år, men ofte bliver der udskrevet valg i utide. Premierministeren eller et flertal i Knesset kan udskrive valg inden for en valgperiode, hvilket er sket en del gange siden maj 1948.
Senest 50 dage efter et valg skal der være dannet en regering med et flertal i Knesset - hvis dette ikke kan lade sig gøre, skal enten en anden politisk leder forsøge at danne en flertalsregering eller Knesset opløser sig selv og udskriver nyvalg. Et flertal i Knesset besluttede at der skal udskrives nyvalg og det bliver d. 17. september 2019. Det bliver valg nr. 22 til Knesset. Det er første gang i Israels historie at det ikke er lykkes at danne en ny regering efter et valg inden for tidsfristen. Den nuværende premiereminister vil være fungerende premiereminister frem til valget.
Stridens kerne var bl.a. et lovforslag om tvungen værnepligt for nogle af de ultraortodokse, hvilket de ultraortodokse partier ikke ville gå med til.
Efter udskrivningen af valget skete der flere væsentlige ændringer som at Kulanu blev opløst og indlemmet i Likud og at flere partier end tidligere er gået sammen på fælles lister (alliancer) for at undgå stemmespild.
Opstillede partier og alliancer samt valgresultatet
Som sædvanligt er der en del nye partier og lister, som stillede op til valget, men der er færre partier denne gang. Spærregrænsen var tidligere på 2% som i Danmark men den blev hævet til 3,25% ved valget i 2015, hvilket gør det sværere for de små partier og lister at komme ind i Knesset. Derfor gik flere partier sammen i valgforbund (ikke vist her) eller på fælles lister. Desuden er der flere små partier og lister, der har valgt ikke at stille op. Læs mere om de forskellige partier på Wikipedia (se nederst på siden).
Tabellen herunder giver en oversigt over de partier og alliancer, der stillede op til valget, og det endelige valgresultat.
| Parti/listenavn (2019) | Beskrivelse | Procent | Mandater | Hjemmesider |
| Kahol Lavan (Blue and White) | The alliance is led by Benny Gantz and Yair Lapid - political centrist alliance. 1. Israel Resilience Party (L'Yisrael - Hosen L'Yisrael) - Zionism, Social liberalism, Centre-left/centre, "right when it comes to security issues, left when it comes to socio-economic issues, and liberal in economic goals". 2. Yesh Atid (There is a Future), Liberalism and centrism. Focus primarily on civic, social, and governance issues. Secular middle class. Center party. 3. The Telem Party (Tnua Leumit Mamlachtit) - Zionism, Economic og National liberalism. Centre-right party. |
25.93% | 33 | Blue and White (heb) Blue and White (eng) Yesh Atid (heb) Yesh Atid (eng) Telem (heb) |
| Likud (National Liberal Movement) | 1. Likud: National Liberal Movement/Party - National liberalism, zionism, economic liberalism, secular center-right wing party. 2. Kulanu HaYamin HaShafui (All of Us - We All). Focus on economic and cost-of-living issues affecting the middle class. Egalitarianism. Center party. Kulanu officially dissolved itself and its remaining members joined the Likud. |
25.09% | 32 | Likud (heb) Likud (eng) Kulanu (heb) |
| Joint List (United Arab List - HaReshima HaMeshutefet) | Israeli Arab political alliance (An electoral alliance). 1. Balad - The National Democratic Assembly (NDA). Israeli Arab political party, democratic progressive national party for the Palestinian citizens of Israel, arab nationalism, anti-zionism, left-wing. 2. Hadash - The Democratic Front for Peace and Equality. Radical left wing socialist movement, Jewish-Arab. 2b. The Communist Party of Israel (Maki). 2c. Other leftist groups. 3. The Islamic Movement in Israel (southern branch). 4. Ta'al - Arab Movement for Renewal, Israeli Arab political party. Arab nationalism and Anti-Zionism. 5. Ra'am - United Arab List (Party). Islamic party. Israeli Arabs. |
10.62% | 13 | Balad (ara) Balad (eng) Hadash (heb) Hadash (eng) Maki (heb/eng) Ta'al (ara) |
| Shas (Shomrei Torah Sephardim) | Sephardi Torah Guardians - ultra-orthodox religious Sephardic-Haredi political party. | 7.44% | 9 | Shas (heb) |
| Yisrael Beiteinu (Israel Our Home) | Secularist and right-wing nationalist political party. Economic liberalism. Originally secular, Russian-speaking Israelis. | 6.99% | 8 | Yisrael Beiteinu (heb) |
| Agudat Yisrael - Degel Hatorah (United Torah Judaism - UTJ) | United Torah Judaism is a coalition of two Ashkenazi Haredi ultra-Orthodox parties. 1. Agudath Israel (The Israelite Union) - a sectoral ultra-Orthodox-Hassidic party. 2. Degel HaTorah (The Banner of the Torah) - a Litvak Haredi party, Lithuanian. Non-Hasidic Haredim. |
6.06% | 7 | . |
| Yamina/HaYamin HaMeuhad (United Right) | Political alliance of right-wing parties, containing the New Right and the Union of the Right-Wing Parties - URWP (Ihud Miflegot HaYamin HaBayit). 1. HaYamin HaHadash (New Yamin - The New Right) - Open to both religious and secular people. Economic liberalism and belief in personal freedom. Religious and secular Zionism. 2. The Jewish Home (HaBayit HaYehudi) - Orthodox Jewish and religious Zionist political right-wing party. 3. Tkuma/Tekuma (National Union) - right wing political party. Religious Zionism. 4. Ahi/Achi (Land, Society, Judaism) - right-wing religious Zionist political party. |
5.88% | 7 |
The New Right (heb) HaBayit HaYehudi (heb) Yamina (heb) |
| Labor-Gesher alliance | 1. Labor (Ha'avoda). Israeli Labor Party - Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisraelit. Social-democratic and labour Zionist political party. Centre-left. 2. Gesher (2019). Centrist political. Focuses primarily on economic and cost-of-living issues, aiming to reduce inequality. |
4.80% | 6 | HaAvoda/Labor Party (heb) Gesher (heb) |
| Democratic Union/ Democratic Camp - HaMahaneh HaDemokrati | Left-wing political alliance. 1. Meretz (HaSmol Shel Yisrael) - left-wing, social-democratic and green political party. Secular party emphasising a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, social justice, human rights (especially for religious, ethnic and sexual minorities), religious freedom and environmentalism. 2. Israel Democratic Party (Yisrael Demokratit) - social-democratic, social liberalism, centre-left new party. 3. The Green Movement (HaTnua HaYeruqa) - green politics, green Zionism, environmentalism, centre-left. |
4.34% | 5 | Democratic Union (heb) Meretz (heb) Meretz (eng) Green Movement (heb) |
| Otzma Yehudit (Jewish Power) | Religious Zionism, anti-Arabism, far-right party. | 1.88% | 0 | Otzma Yehudit (heb) |
| Tzomet (2019)(Junction) | Tzomet is a secular right wing party. Anti-corruption, social issues. | 0.33% | 0 | |
| HaAhdut HaAmamit (Popular Unity/The Popular Union) | Work collaboratively for Arab society in Israel. | 0.13% | 0 | |
| Adom Lavan (Uncorrupted Red White) | For the Legalization of Cannabis - legal pot. New party. | 0.10% | 0 | |
| Tzedek (Justice) | Promote social values and fight for justice and equality. Headed by Avi Yalou. | 0.07% | 0 | |
| Hayamin HaHiloni/HaYamin HaChiloni (The Secular Right) | A hiloni nationalist political party formed by Tiberias mayor Ron Cobi. Secular right-wing new party. | 0.05% | 0 | |
| Kavod V'Shivyon/Kavod VeShivion (Respect and Equality) | Arab political party. | 0.03% | 0 | |
| Zekhuyotenu BeKulanu/ Zechuteinu BKoleinu (Our Rights Are in Our Vote/Voice) | Zekhuyotenu BeKulanu is a party that has a strong focus on strengthening the security services. | 0.03% | 0 | |
| HaPiratim (Pirate Party) | The Pirate Party is connected to the global network of Pirate Parties that fight for Internet freedoms. | 0.03% | 0 | Piratim (heb) |
| Otzma Calcalit (Economic Power) | Give voice to the self-employed as well as small and medium-sized businesses in Israel. | 0.03% | 0 | Otzma Calcalit (heb) |
| Leader - Mitkademet Liberalit Democratit (Progressive Liberal-Democratic) | The party's main emphasis is on issues of religion and state. | 0,02% | 0 | . |
| Kama/KaMaH - Kidum Maamad HaPrat (KM"H Party | Promoting the Rights of the Individual. New party. | 0.02% | 0 | KaMaH (heb) |
| Seder Hadash (A New Order) | Party seeking to change Israel's electoral system to direct election of Knesset members instead of the current party system. | 0.02% | 0 | |
| Democratura (Democracy Party) | Party calls for a new constitution for the State of Israel. | 0.02% | 0 | |
| Tzafon (North) | Strengthen Israel's north and address the region's long-standing problems. | 0.02% | 0 | |
| Hatnuah Hanotzrit Haliberalit (Liberal Christian Movement) | Ihud Bnei HaBrit (United Allies), Bnei Brit HaHadasha (Sons of the New Testament/Allies of the New Testament, Abrahamics United). Representing the interests of Arabic-speaking Christians in Israel. Jewish-Arab. Centre-left. |
0.01% | 0 | |
| Daam Workers Party (Da'am Mifleget Po'alim) | "Green economy - one country". Daam is a communist party that aims to bring about the end of capitalism as a means to achieve social change. Revolutionary socialist Jewish-Arab political party. Marxism, Far-left. | 0.01% | 0 | Da'am Workers Party (DWP) (eng) |
| Kavod/Kevod HaAdam (Human Dignity) | The party promotes the idea of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state which should live in in security. Free economy, reduce social and economic gaps in Israeli society. | 0.01% | 0 | |
| Ketz - MIfleget HaGush HaTanachi (The End - Also called The Bible Bloc Party) | Jewish-Christian (Evangelistic) party. The Gush HaTanachi protects everyone who believes in the Bible and opposes the ethnic cleansing of Jews and Christians from the Land of Israel. | 0.01% | 0 | A Jewish-Christian Party To Run For Knesset Bible Bloc Party |
| Manhigut Hevratit/Manhigoot Chevratit (Social Leadership) | Manhigut Hevratit is a party that is focused on personal economic struggles in Israel and want a broad electoral coalition in the Knesset. | 0.01% | 0 | |
| Kol Yisrael Ahim (Israel Brothers for Social Justice) | Supports the strengthening of the status of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state. Bringing equality and social justice to Israeli society. Withdrawn from the election. |
0.00% | 0 | |
| Zehut - Tenua Yisre'eilit Yehudit (Identity) | Israeli libertarian Zionist. Free speech, the right to bear arms, equality under the law, legalization of cannabis and privatization of many government services. Zionism, small government, economic freedom, jewish identity. Right-wing party. Withdrawn from the election. |
0.00% | 0 | Zehut (eng) |
| Noam (Pleasantness) | Orthodox Jewish religious, right-wing religoius political party. New party. Withdrawn from the election. |
0.00% | 0 | Noam (heb) |
Hovedtendenser ved valget
Flere partier gik sammen på fælles lister (valgalliancer) og valgforbund for at undgå stemmespild i forhold til tidligere valg og det kan have gjort en forskel for enkelte partier.
Likud gik en del tilbage i forhold til det seneste valg i april 2019. Blue and White gik lidt tilbage men blev den største gruppe. De arabiske partier og Yisrael Beiteinu gik en del frem. For Labor og de religiøse partier blev resultatet uændret. Både højrevalgalliancen Yamina/United Right og venstrevalgalliancen Democratic Union gik lidt frem. To nye partier i Knesset: The New Right og Israel Democratic Party.
Fordelingen mellem de store grupper blev i hovedtræk følgende:
Højrefløjen: 47 pladser,
Centrum-venstre: 44,
Religiøse partier: 16,
Overvejende arabiske partier: 13.
Valgprocent: 69,4%. Ca. 2,8% af stemmerne tilgik partier og lister, der ikke klarede spærregrænsen, hvilket er væsenligt færre i forhold til det seneste valg.
Navnene på de nyvalgte medlemmer af Knesset nr. 22 (i alt 120) kan ses på Knessets hjemmeside.
Regering nr. 35
Valget gav ikke et klart billede af hvem der skal danne den kommende regering og hvem der bliver den kommende premiereminister. Der kræves 61 mandater til en flertalsregering.
Der blev forhandlet på kryds og tværs - Likud vil gerne beholde premiereministerposten mens Blue and White gerne vil overtage den. Den israelske præsident Rivlin mødtes med partilederne d. 22. september og efterfølgende udpegede han en forhandlingsleder, der skulle forsøge at danne en flertalsregering. Det blev Benjamin Netanyahu fra Likud men det lykkes ikke inden for tidsfristen. Herefter blev lederen af alliancen Blue and White, Benny Gantz, udpeget men han kunne heller ikke. Herefter var der frit slag for alle andre parlamentsmedlemmer til at forsøge at danne en flertalsregering inden for den næste tidsfrist, der var d. 11. december 2019. Dette lykkes ikke og d. 12. december blev der udskrevet nyvalg til afholdelse d. 2. marts 2020.
Israel har aldrig før i 2019 været i denne situation at det ikke er lykkes at danne en ny regering efter et valg inden for tidsfristen. Og nu er det sket to gange.
Valglinks september 2019:
2019 Israeli elections - Times of Israel
Arutz Sheva 7 Israel National News - 2019 Elections
Jerusalem Post - September 2019 elections
Central Elections Committee
HaAretz - Israel election 2019
Israel Votes 2019 (again)
September 2019 Israeli legislative election - From Wikipedia
Party lists for the September 2019 Israeli legislative election - From Wikipedia
Who's running in Israel's September elections, explained
List of political parties in Israel (Wikipedia)
Ændringer efter udskrivning af valg
Efter udskrivningen af nyvalg i midten af december 2019 skete der flere ændringer i Knesset som opløsningen af valgalliancen Democratic Union/Democratic Camp, da Meretz tilsluttede sig Labor-Gesher alliancen. Green Party/The Green Movement og Israel Democratic Party opgav herefter at stille op til det kommende valg.
De øvrige valgalliancer forventes at fortsætte uændret eller med få ændringer.
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